THE RUSSIAN SAGA   

To an Indian, Russia normally attracts, despite its long distance, tough terrain and hostile climate. Through the annals of history, scores of developments, having repercussions elsewhere, have taken place in the largest country of the world, peculiarly falling both in Asia & Europe. Its length and breadth and vast expanse have given rise to more than one cultural pattern, language and religion. India and Russia have had close economic, military and cultural ties. Same has been further cemented by signing of Treaty of Friendship in 1971 and frequent organization of elaborate festivals in both the countries. These are apart from intense people to people contact made livelier owing to unforgettable celluloid ties.

(2) Till recently Russia was the largest supplier of arms to India. Russian expertise in handling domestic issues and turmoil outside was not only taken note of by India but the Border Security Force (BSF), itself was set up on the lines of Federal Border Guards Service (FBGS) , following our debacle at the hands of Chinese in 1962. Exchange of delegations between these two apex organizations has been a matter of regular feature. When, by a way of reciprocal gesture, an Indian delegation headed by the D.G., BSF was to visit Russia from 20^th May to 25^th May, 1997 and I was chosen as a Member, my joy knew no bounds. The Russians depicted in Raj Kapoor’s movies immediately hit my imagination (Mera Joota Hai Japani........, Sar Pe Lal Topi Russi, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani, What a touching song it was?).

Aeroflot Flight

(3) There was nothing remarkable about the Aeroflot flight – SU, 536, boarded in the afternoon of extremely hot 20th May, a Tuesday. The aircraft was old, hardly having 50% occupancy. In view of the fact that it was a long flight, five delegates had not only to be familiar with each other but also had to keep everyone in good humour. Chit–chatting, however, cannot linger on endlessly.  As the craft was flying low, one got a good glimpse of mountains of Pakistan, Afghanistan and many Central Asian countries. The delayed lunch served by immune type of hostesses, had only one notable feature – delicious Alphonso Mangoes. Following lunch, the members of crew lost no time in sleeping on the vacant passenger seats, something that does not happen elsewhere.

Arrival in Moscow

(4) Around 13.20 hours (local time), the delegation was warmly received at Moscow airport by Lt.Gen. A.L. Manilov, Dy. Director, F.B.G.S. Shri A.K. Patnaik, First Secretary, Consular, Indian Embassy at Moscow was also present. The last named gentleman who was to co-ordinate our visit, turned out to be the son-in-law of Shri Man Mohan Singh, the then highly respected Finance Minister. The delegation had to face a bit of embarrassment in the sense that an Indian ‘ westernized ‘ woman on the pretext of looking after her baby in arms very smartly had handed over her trolley to one of our colleagues. It took us nearly ten minutes in locating her in the vast arrival lounge. She had no qualms about her irresponsible conduct.

(5) The airport avenue was full of high and colourful hoardings. Even though we looked tired and sleepy, the changing sight of this famous country kept us occupied, if not mesmerised. In vacant patches, it was an awesome Alpine scenario. The landscape looked different from USA, Switzerland, Egypt, or UAE, the countries one had visited by this time. There was no question of finding any single unit accommodation for miles in this metropolis of 39.7 kms x 51.8 kms. Russians, whether in period of economic boom or recession, were used to, if not destined to, live in flats in multi storied edifices in true Communist spirits.

Getting Familiar with Russian Scene

(6) Following a tiring drive of almost two hours, we arrived at Hotel Soyuz, located at 12, Universitet Prospect. It was quite a cold affair, including the official lunch. Only soup appeared somewhat warm. As one was hungry, there was no time to check whether it was veg. or non- veg. The fact that we were going to be paid only 25% of our per diem, being State Guest, dampened our spirits. Nevertheless, a quick nap in the regal surroundings was not impossibility. Traffic was fast, if not furious.

(7) Between 4 to 6 p.m, a visit to the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War at Poklonnaya Gora was very refreshing even though we had to face very cold winds, each time, we came out in open. We could also manage to see the magnificent railway station, a few monuments, statues and historical places mostly from outside. Though we passed by the famous Kremlin, Lenin’s Mausoleum and Moskva River, we did not stop by, as these were to be visited as per official itinerary, some other day. The Liaison Officer, who sported a BSF tie and the Lady Protocol Officer, both were courteous, helpful and friendly.

Sunny at ‘Night’

(8) When watch showed 9.00 p.m, it was time to attend a working dinner at the flat of the First Secretary. It was still sunny but interesting interactions with Shri P.S. Haer, Deputy Chief of Indian Mission and Shri Khatua, his colleague kept us engrossed. The conditions appeared amazing as compared to ones, back home. We were informed that Sun set normally takes place around 10.30 p.m. in Moscow at this time of the year. Subsequent to having a mix of sumptuous continental and Indian food, we prayed to God – “ Bless us with some sound sleep in this challenging time zone.”

Official Confabulations

(9) 21^st and 22^nd May were devoted to delegation level talks and courtesy visits to the Deputy Interior Minister and Director, FBGS. Impressive interiors of their spacious offices took us back to the old era. The head of Russian delegation before coming to ‘brass tacks’, mentioned a few words about his memorable visit to India. The Russians, aided by interpreters, touched upon prevailing situation on the borders with Belarus, Ukraine, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Georgia, Chechnya, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. A few of the recent border co-operation agreements were also mentioned. Issues, such as, illegal migration & fishing on coastal borders and smuggling of narcotic drugs, arms & psychotropic substances through the borders were also flagged. Obliquely USA and China too figured off and on.

(10) When our turn came, an idea about Indo-Pak, Indo-Bangladesh, Indo-Nepal, Indo-China and Indo-Myanmar border challenges was given. A point was also made about the incessant attempts of Pak ISI to infiltrate terrorist elements and smuggle drugs, arms & explosives into India. It was impressed upon that against heavy odds, fencing and flood-lighting of the tough borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh was being undertaken and that India looked forward to learn from the rich Russian experience of border management. It was indicated that their modern border surveillance equipments were to be seen at their North-Western borders prior to the process of short listing for testing in the diverse Indian conditions.

Sidelights

(11) Russians, unlike the Americans, the British or the French did not appear to be a tough nut to crack, though they looked serious to begin with. Mini glasses of Vodka and black Russian ‘Chai’ (they call it this way) would occasionally break the monotony. General Federov, the Deputy Interior Minister was no different from his Indian counterparts when it came to mincing words but General A.I. Nikolayev, Director FBGS, a tall handsome officer, duly aided by his charming young women assistants appeared more forthcoming, candid and amiable. During official dinner at his lovely office at  1, Lubyanka he insisted on gulping a sparkling green soft drink especially by those who were yet to be acquainted with the ‘kicks’ of Vodka.

(12) The Joint signed record of the meetings noted that further professional interaction between the BSF and FBGS would facilitate implementation of the Border Co-operation Agreement inked in April, 1995. The two sides expressed further a desire to exchange information and experience in the areas of combating illegal migration, smuggling of weapons, international illegal economic activities and the contraband. They were, in addition, also to further explore the areas of co-operation in respect of border control management systems, surveillance equipments and radio communication devices.

Sightseeing & Shopping Attempts

(13) Upon getting a temporary well deserved respite from the official business, it was back to sightseeing spree. One learnt that we had missed a trip to Ostankino Tower and Tretyakov Art Gallery. These were the privileges offered to our Head and his pro-active, yet mixing spouse. We tried to make-up the loss by taking a stroll in the cold conditions along a busy business street, followed by the visits to the Central Border Guards House and the Museum of FBGS at 13, Yauzskiy Bulvar. Due to time constraints, I had to be content with only a hurried purchase of a compact box containing Russian mini plastic toys for late Ankoor, then a student of Std. III. Later, I also managed to get a set of crystal mini toast glasses and an attractive jar.

Marvellous Railway Station

(14) Prior to our departure by the night train for St. Petersburg, we were briefed about the field visits and exposure trips along the Finland border. After a rush through packing stint, we arrived at the grand Leningradsky Railway Station. Its imposing architecture reflecting an element of rationality left a lasting impression. The usual Indian kind of crowd, noise and bonhomie was not to be seen. Only six of us were lucky to occupy the spacious sleeper bogie efficiently supervised by an Old Russian lady Attendant.

Entry Into St. Petersburg

(15) After having a feel of comfortable and clean train ride, we woke up to witness partly snowy conditions of the Alpine countryside. Fog and mist would come and go at frequent intervals. Indulging into photography was, therefore, but natural. One had seen beautiful  images of this land in illustrated publications and had read vivid descriptions in the history books but seeing a bit of same by own eyes was a different ball game.

(16) At Moscovsky Railway Station of St. Petersburg, Col. V.V. Mochalov, accompanied by cute Sr. Lt. E.A. Savina received us as per schedule at 8.25 hours. The drive to the hotel in the nerve centre of the typical European style heritage city was a short affair as compared to Moscow. This place had more of greenery and a large number of tourists. Following a quick wash and dull break-fast, Col. Gen. V.I. Vjyunov, Commander of this region interacted with us. It was followed by visits to world famous Hermitage Museum and a Buddhist temple. When we met Shri. Bhattacharya, the Consul General of India later in the afternoon, I got an exhilarating opportunity to speak to my family members. Amma and Chotki Bhabhi could not believe that I was not very far off from the North Pole.

Charm of Vyburg & Finland Border

(17) Left to ourselves, we would have spent the whole evening in St. Petersburg. But being bound by the official commitments we had to undertake a three hour drive to FBS post at Vyburg. An invisible sensor device was seen and found to be in order. No one stopped us when we spent ten to fifteen minutes inside open Finland border. The very thought of close proximity to North Pole led to literal shivering on our part.

(18) By the time we checked into an old villa kind of hotel at Vyburg, day was still very bright. We experienced immense pleasure in getting photographed next to two gigantic boats kept on the banks of a river. Dinner in the cosy, well lit dining room was a soothing affair. The hotel had a disco as well. However, no activity was seen even upto 11.30 hours. Seeing sunset between 11.30 and 11.45 p.m. was one the most fabulous experiences of life. Body clock, on the contrary, was yet to get used to the tough Russian conditions. Yet again one could manage hardly four to five hours of sleep.

(19) The visit to Frontier Post no. 5 to have familiarisation with the engineering equipment system was rather a dull affair. Journey to Torfyanovka to peruse the efficacy of special frontier control means was, however, memorable. A short halt at a guest house near a quiet pond took us to a western movie kind of setting. In the same way, seeing the raising of water level to enable steamers to get entry into a port was something I would, perhaps, not forget.

Account of Midnight Sun

(20) The missed evening of the previous day at St. Petersburg was in a way ‘restored’ to us. Having completed almost all official engagements we were on our own, enjoying the sights of the beautiful city at night. We heard versions and versions of the spectacle of Midnight Sun. Without seeing it in reality, I was simply blown away. Today being our penultimate day, some souvenir items were also to be picked up from the downtown. All this meant that we got delayed in reporting to the hotel.   

The Retreat      

(21) The next morning was a relaxed affair. I relished a brisk walk in the enchanting surroundings. Off and on, it would rain, though. 14.00 hours was the time intimated to bid good bye to Russia from Pulkova Airport. The Luftansa flight LH-3197 to Frankfurt in Germany was dot on time at 15.05 hours. When A.K. Patnaik from the Indian Embassy and E.V. Savina from FBGS shook hands with us, we were rightly reminded of a scene in ‘Mera Naam Joker’ featuring Raj Kapoor and Kseniya Ryabinkina (Marina).

‘Long live Indo-Russian friendship’, we said to ourselves while walking into the packed flight for another country.

Mother India

Yet again one is on a writing spree that too on my erstwhile make shifts object-Air Sickness Bag. Flight SG 887 from Bagdogra to Delhi at 8.20 hrs on 17/06/14 propels or impels me to revert to pen down stray thoughts at an altitude of 36,000 feet. It is a kind of contemplation in isolation situation.

It happens to be Jaya’s Birthday today but I am forced to leave her alone in the wee hours due to an important if not urgent meeting in Delhi. Could not bestow her with a gift either. She did, however, wear a nice, attractive and green & yellow silk sari, presented by her affectionate and caring Bhabhi, a month ago. As she often utters, there has to be interest and inclination to carry forward the journey of life. Slowly, subsequent to sad demise of her "Mama", her ‘cloth contact’ with the family of orientation is getting eroded and with the premature and painful departure of our only child three years ago ,the association with the family of procreation (if one comprehends well), too is bereft of the usual and expected excitement or charm.

To quote from a song of "Mother India"-'If one has arrived in the world, one has to live on and on.' The unforgettable heroine of the Magnum Opus with her remarkable acting prowess had left an indelible mark on the audience. She was subjected to struggle even when her husband was very much alive. She had to linger on when her two sons were growing. She had to get the wrath of the scrupulous populace of the village when her younger son would indulge in nuisance as a grown up teenager and what not she had to bear and tolerate. A day comes when he turns into a dacoit due to the nature of circumstances and kidnaps his lady love. She was none other than the pupil of the eye of the most notorious money lender of the village who systematically exploited and tortured his mother to the hilt. One day he even dared to outrage her modesty.

Those of us, who wish to know the dark reality of rural India and sacrifices of motherhood, should see Mother India. It should be a must for the budding and trainee Civil Servants, apart from the 'pro-active' NGO types.

From the pains and perils of motherhood, let us return to the exciting experiences of sky life. We are half an hour into the pleasant flight and then suddenly are confronted with the turbulent weather. At least the Captain makes us believe so. Pretti, the bubbly and slim Air Hostess religiously reminds the passengers to see "fasten the seat belt "sign and act accordingly.

Soon one of the most sumptuous and gourmet breakfasts I ever had, follows. Two Vadas, Upma, somewhat sweet and sour but thick Sambhar, two glasses of water plus a 'Maha' Coffee are on offer. I am supposed to be the only ‘VIP’ on the flight, other 5 seats being unoccupied. So I am worthy of all the attention (?). Credit should go to Dips. Who else?

When the weather stabilises and the movement of travellers and the crew resumes on the aisle, I am tempted to look through the tiny windows. It is a pitch white scenario. No traces of blue or grey or white cloud formations altogether. The blazing June Sun appears to have been mellowed down, if not, covered completely. After 10 minutes or so I sneak through the thin clouds. A streak of Mother Earth is now visible. The recurrent cries of a tiny tot and never ending pleasant queries of a two year old keep their mothers on their toes.

Then a five year old boy has an urge to relieve himself. Again the valuable services of a mother are sought. He does not succeed as easily as there is a queue for the Rest room. A tall handsome old man and a good looking jeans clad college girl too are seen queuing up for fulfilling a biological need we often tend to postpone or suppress. A foreigner together with his companion on a neighbouring seat is oblivious to these developments. They are simply sleeping to glory. Another corporate group, close by, is deeply engrossed in comparing styles of functioning of the present Central Government vis-a-vis the previous one.

Meanwhile, another Hostess emerges to clear the cups, plates, and the empty coffee glasses. I do not fail to thank her profusely for the nice eatables coupled with service with a smile. Incidentally, smile is something which comes naturally if not instantly to a mother or a would be mother. It may not cost anything but carries a sizeable meaning and substance. All of us need to inculcate it in everyday life to win friends and admirers if life, per se, has to be lived gracefully, with a purpose.

O, weather becomes turbulent again. One has to face it. In the next ten minutes very soothing blue and white clouds appear on the horizon. We seem to have covered more than half of the scheduled journey, by now. Descent will take place after 20 minutes or so. We would, thereby, get entry into the fast and furious world of the Nation’s capital, enjoying a temporary respite from the scorching and sweltering heat, less than a week ago.

At this juncture, two of the would be mothers seem to be relishing their delayed Break Fast on the corner seats. Two young and would be Fathers enter the scene to clear the leftovers into the black poly bags. I get some semblance of sleep in no time. Also prior to close of the journey, flick through the colourful pages of the Spice Route. Plenty of material to ponder over but limited time to read.

In the ultimate analysis, nothing pleases me more than the 20 minutes ahead arrival of the aircraft. The temperature in Delhi is reported to be tolerable 38 degree Celsius. One can, therefore, perform tasks and take on /face the assignments without a pinch of salt. The day is wide open for the cognitive interactions under the apparent, challenging, if not, negative circumstances. One, therefore, needs to have a positive bent of mind apart from willing to unwind at the right moment.

 Was it an air journey with an extra edge?

 

Rainy Sunday (8th June,2014)

Rainy Sunday (8^th June,2014)

After a long lapse of time I am trying to jot down or scribble something. Hope whatever is written or typed on a new computer, is saved and one is also in a position to carry out editing.

Beginning with weather, while it is reported boiling hot in Delhi and several parts of North, over here in Gangtok it is a cool, quiet and congenial feeling. It has been raining with some intervals since yesterday evening following a dry spell of almost three days. Each time it pours heavily, this portion of town looks amazingly beautiful and aesthetically pleasing to the eye.

The Sunday that it was, was almost spoilt. Mt. Khangchendzonga, the presiding deity of Sikkim has not been sighted for almost a fortnight. Normal chirping of beautiful birds of at least ten to fifteen species was experienced very briefly. They were nevertheless not in a mood to give up. I too struggled taking their snaps by running all over the place much against the advice of my Ophthalmologist friend. Whatever was washed, could not be dried. No outing could be planned and the usual feeling of semblance of relaxation on a holiday could not be accomplished. Yes, one brilliant thing I re-discovered was attempt to drive the car.

When she was in deep slumber in the post-lunch session and drizzle had resumed, I took out the keys of SX4. Went on a test drive up to  Bijli’s devastated hut, a distance of barely half a km. Whole stretch looked deserted. While reversing the car on a neat and clean road flanked by lush green grass, I felt sorry for the spirit of this Chowkidar/Labourer, who had the audacity to get hooked up/married twelve times.  

One felt happy and gradually gathered the requisite confidence while retreating in normal speed. Reverse drive was also tried especially on the upper segment. After all, I was trying to drive after good two years on a difficult, yet lovely and enchanting terrain.

Between 4.30 and 5.40pm, after having failed in locating the elusive Mahesh, two of us went to Ridge Garden in the same official car and  took a much sought after stroll around the Palace, overlooking the misty valley behind the Guards Ground. Slow pace of work on the site of the Secretariat was also seen.For a change, rain had stopped and tourists as usual were seen indulging in fun and frolic. They were also taking funny and memorable shots in the fading evening light. The “train formation” by a bunch of robust youngsters from the North left an impact. We too felt rejuvenated in half an hour. It was followed by a plate of Veg Momos, Jhal Murhi and a packet of Pop Corn. While the Momos were delicious, much against our apprehensions, last two  items turned out to be perfectly up to mark.

Tried to sneak into the lovely Flower Complex but alas same was getting shut for the day. While returning, it was once again drizzling with bouts of fog, here and there. Mahesh was nowhere to be seen in the vicinity of his usual joints or hang-outs. .We passed by Babita, the bubbly Circuit House waitress but could not wave at her nor did she notice us in such a hazy weather.

Anil, one of the Circuit House attendants, was located climbing up the steep road to the Circuit House. He was sweating and breathing profusely. We lost no time in offering him a lift as a humanitarian gesture.

 Within 5 minutes of our safe landing at now brightly lit Circuit House, both Donald and Mahesh were located. While former had picked up the news of our maiden drive from this place from Raven, Mahesh, as usual, sporting an innocent expression, appeared clueless altogether. For a change, he was seen sporting fresh cloths after having succeeded in performing yet another weekly bath inside his ‘Bunker’, surrounded by mesmerizing Pine forest at an altitude of 6200 feet.

 We narrated what we had experienced in a short spell. Got rapt attention of all the attendants – Quiet Asha, D.K., Gopal, Vishnu, D.B., Ganga, Sonam and Gyalpo. A bit of smile and laughter followed while we gulped each, a glass of luke warm water. Subsequently, we saw some scenes of “Sholay”, the block buster of yesteryears (1975) on TV in the reception area before it was late tea time. Ahead of returning to our thrust abode of last three months, I do not miss taking a few memorable shots of the sparkling green plants.

Sipping the tasty dip tea prepared by Mahesh, we attempt to recall the rainy Sunday and a few tasks one had to perform on the coming Monday. While drawing the curtains, one could see that it had become pitch dark. Usual evening walkers even in this remote and isolated area of town were conspicuous by their absence. A pair of cows, supposedly owned by the village Amla whose unauthorized entry into the lush green lawn had been opposed vehemently by the doggy “Ram Prasad”, were no longer spotted. They had extended all help in trimming over grown grasses by their swift grazing operation. Whatever was neglected by the human beings was completed partially by the animals.

 The husband of the loud mouth Allahabad woman (afternoon arrival) was seen contemplating in isolation in the Hawa Ghar down below. Wearing a half sweater only over his sky blue coloured Kurta Paijama, he was seen carrying a thick book even now. His young son and daughter-in-law, bereft of any Pullover, were taking advantage of a brisk walk further down. Their tiny tot was presumably in the safe grip of  her Grandmother. This approach of taking advantage of “climate change” appealed to me as against the usual “rush through” regime adopted without fail by most of the visitors to a hill-station.

COMMUNITY MOBILISATION FOR LIVELIHOOD PROMOTION: THE JEEVIKA EXPERIENCE

As poverty has been one of the most crucial threats since Independence (other being ever growing population),a frontal attack on this curse has been attempted coinciding with introduction of Community Development Blocks in the early Fifties. A plethora of schemes saw the light of the day but almost all of them followed an individual focused approach. Millions of Rupees have been doled out to the identified beneficiaries in form of loan or loan with subsidy. Owing to consistent faults in the method of identification, many a time, the beneficiaries of poverty alleviation  schemes would land up returning the loan component to the bank sooner than expected while the subsidy would be spent on non-essential expenditures. Even the employment generation schemes aimed at minimum income apart from creation of some durable community assets, would result into dis-satisfaction, if not disaster.

Gradually for almost a decade or so, the focus has got shifted from individual centred to group centred approach. It has led to sanction of schemes to the Self Help Groups (SHG) in the crucial sectors of human development. Apart from having more checks and balances and a certain responsibility on the part of group members, it has led to sharing of experiences and learning from each other, development of habit of saving (thrift) and a certain movement towards empowerment of women who have to take up financial responsibility in the limited income families, in addition to producing children, educating them and finally bringing them up.

In the new scenario, especially under the World Bank financed schemes in ten States, the responsibility does not get over upon giving minimum monetary support. Also, these schemes initiated over a decade ago in Andhra Pradesh,  Tamil Nadu and M.P.assume that every person,however, poor he/she may be, has some source of livelihood. The spirit of interventions, therefore, should be on promotion of such livelihood.

How Does SHG approach work?
To begin with, ten to twelve men or women on being convinced by a Community Resource Person (CRP) decide to form a SHG. In their first meeting every member contributes his/her saving of Rs.10/15 each to the group fund. When interest develops subsequently by sharing each other’s experience, the periodicity of such meetings becomes twice a week. Minutes and proceedings are to be kept well together with in-loaning and out-loaning activities out of group fund. Soon, one of the members assumes the role of Secretary of SHG or a Secretary is hired on a paltry sum. She is free to work for other SHG’s also. As a result of discussion with and guidance from CRP’s,  the nearest commercial Bank is approached  for opening  group’s account and providing  credit link to the short-listed and viable income generating activities. The grant from the State Livelihood Promotion Society (SLPS) through its District and Block offices, thereafter enters the picture. A group of 15-20 SHG’s form a Village Organisation (VO) soon and over a period of time, 25-30 V.O.’s are encouraged to form the Community Level Clusters (CLC). In the event of further acceleration of economic activities, Producers Organisations (P.O.)are also set up.Apart from giving second or third dose of finance, the SLPS also arranges skill development training and market linkage for the produce of SHG’s and V.O.’s.

Replication of such efforts is a hallmark of the scheme. That is why during a recent interaction in Bihar Secretariat, one was informed that the CRP’s from A.P. came to identified three Districts of Bihar in 2007 and now the trained and experienced CRP’s of Bihar are training determined lots of such a project in Rajasthan and Jharkhand.

The JEEVIKA BLPS Project having objectives, such as, creating self managed community institutions, enhancement of income through sustainable livelihoods and increasing access to social protection, including food security, initially launched pilot projects in 22 villages across 5 Blocks in September, 2006. Subsequently, it was started in 18 Blocks across 6 Districts. On getting encouraging signals, it was further extended to 22 more Blocks.

The project has been reported to be successful in formation of  1,17,000 SHG’s, 6420 Village Organisations and 145 Cluster Level Federations. It has its noticeable presence in 20% of the villages (9,200 out of a total of 44,874) through 20,000 trained Community Resource Persons,102 Public Distribution Centres(PDC’s) ensuring effective food security and 369 Bank Mitras. On the financial front, Rs.62 Crores of saving has been mobilized by the community leading to a credit link of Rs.307 Crores leveraged from the commercial banks. According to the effective CEO of JEEVIKA, all this has resulted into an investment of Rs 425 Crores in the community institutions.

The decision to bring the whole of State under the ambit of  project to cater to 1.5 Crore rural  households in 38 Districts under the presumed pressure from the Ministry of Rural Development , Govt. of India in the name of NRLM, is too sudden a deviation. It may either boomerang or result into a certain duplication of efforts sincerely made for livelihood enhancement, food security and vulnerability reduction. Also women who were on path of  empowerment by getting liberated from the age old and oft repeated  shackles  of patriarchy, may receive the setbacks,they do not deserve.

CASTE CONFLICT & POLITICS IN INDIA

Caste reigns supreme in the present semi-feudal setting, more so, in a few states of Northern and Eastern India. This unique system of social stratification based on notion of purity and pollution, having four Varnas and umpteen’ Jatis’, determines the patterns of everyday life. Not only people are caste-conscious, they also  become caste-centred, many a time. One such occasion could be elections.

In a situation of caste endogamy and clan exogamy, attempts for assertion of basic rights often lead to social tensions and conflicts. Changes in land ownership or the Govt. sponsored mobility, such as, reservation also add fat to the fire. Even the educated, profound and well meaning individuals interested seriously in bringing about an attitudinal change, get discouraged and disenchanted soon, given the complex nature of circumstances and obstinate leaders.

Compelling Factors-A time comes when such individuals are compelled to strike a compromise with the same norms of the system, which in their opinion, were fit for modification earlier. Thus generations come and generations go but ills of the system go on perpetuating. No permanent solution appears in sight. Exploitation and misguidance of the spirited individual, therefore, goes on unabated in the name of ritual ascribed status.

Three Levels of Conflict-Such a scenario leads to a series of rivalries and conflicts involving the three major Caste groups. Inter-caste conflict is mainly observed at the following levels:

(A)Between the Upper and the Middle Ranging Castes.

(B)The Upper Castes and the Scheduled Castes or Harijans and

(C)The Harijans and the Middle Ranging Castes.

Based on some research it has been noted that till the Sixties of the 20^th Century ,incidents of conflict involved primarily the Upper Castes, such as, the Bhumihars and the Kayasthas. Gradually the former met with tough resistance from the Rajputs or the Kshatriyas. Brahmins, however, remained relegated to the background for a sizeable time as neither they possessed enough land nor they had muscle power at their beck and call.

From the Thirties of the 20^th Century, the Intermediate Castes, such as, the Yadavas,Koeries ,Kurmis etc. began organizing and mobilizing themselves in a bid to compete with, as also ‘tackle’ the might of the Upper Castes. But actual assertion in this domain began taking shape in the Sixties, when infighting among the Upper Castes registered a rise. Consequently, the middle castes, now in the ambit of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) became a force to reckon with in the arena of politics in U.P,Bihar,M.P,Haryana,Rajasthan etc. Natural corollary was to further strengthen their hold in the countryside and have a say in the elections, other than to Parliament and State Assemblies.

Impact of OBC Commission Based Reservations

In tune with Article 340 of the Constitution, the appointment of Kaka Kalelkar Commission(1953)and the Mandal Commission(1978)for the O.B.C.’s at the Union level and that of several state Committees and Commissions, followed by far-reaching judicial pronouncements, spoke clearly of growing influence of the middle ranging castes. Owing to reservation facility later, ranging from 15 to 50% at the State level to 27% at the Union level ,the conflict between the OBC’s and the Upper Castes began becoming manifest. Swords were drawn at each other in more candid ways.

Resistance from the Upper Castes was out of the apprehension that their share of Government jobs would be taken away by the Middle Castes while the latter considered it as a step in the right direction, as the numerically weak Upper Castes had dominated every sphere of society. Whatever may be pro and anti-reservation arguments, the erstwhile harmony and co-existence ceased to exist. The conflict grew to alarming proportions between 1977 and 1992. Ripples were felt later. These are still being felt.

Upper Castes vs.Harijans

The second level of conflict concerns the upper castes and Harijans. Latter used to constitute majority of landless labourers in villages and were unfortunately, the traditional sufferers. Such a conflict has been essentially on account of usurption of land of Harijans and denial even of minimum wages to them. Attempts to unite them to secure a reasonable living have generally been suppressed. But in a few cases, the upper castes, apart from exploiting ,were also extending patronage in the crisis situations. Vis-a-vis middle castes, it was found absent.

The third level of conflict is between the middle ranging castes and the Harijans. The issues are akin to those involved in the second level. However, studies have shown that the method of deplorable atrocities by the former on the latter have been somewhat different in nature. In the post-1977 era, when freedom of expression got a fillip, Harijans expected improvement in their lot ,if not, the similar treatment prior  to transfer of land ownership to the middle castes. Contrary to their expectations, they gradually lost patronage of land owners and were more subjugated in the changed situation. Police and the Magistracy too appeared non-cooperative and non-responsive. Several incidents bear testimony to it. But whenever their vote bank is needed for Government formation or providing stability thereto, Harijans assume temporary significance.

Implicit Levels of Conflict            

Apart from the three explicit levels, there exists implicit levels of conflict among certain upper, middle and the Scheduled Castes. A contradiction or a tendency to look down upon is found between the Rajputs and Bhumihars or between Bhumihars and Brahmins. In the same way, cleavages have emerged between the upper and lower middle castes. The former are seen virtually ignoring the latter ,unless it is election time. Moreover, the feeling of superiority and inferiority has also contributed to dis-unity among the different Scheduled castes. The Chamars and Dushads are not found on equal footing ,according to each other. Some of the Dushads would not accept even water from the hands of a Chamar. .Differences also are noticed between the Bhogtas, Chamars and Ghasis. Hence, the element of untouchability even gets percolated within the S.C. category.

Rationality vs. Primordial Loyalities- One is constrained to believe that behind most of the happenings drawing the attention of conscious masses in some of the mentioned states ,there exists caste factor. It shows its true colour  and dimension ,both in towns and villages. Elections held at various levels have been decided on caste considerations. Those having support of a dominant caste, come out with flying colours while those seeking secular votes normally get vanquished. Even in the educational institutions, trade associations and few public bodies, one would get an impression that rationality is being set aside to make way for primordial loyalities.

Pertinent question, therefore, is –If the educated individuals act like this, shall we blame the illiterate and tradition-bound masses ?.Certainly not.

Situation is changing in some spheres of society, such as, marriage and festivals but the process of transformation is slow and not free from any incumbrances. So long as governing elite encash the caste factor to pursue their vested interest , no substantive change is foreseen in the social structure.

Concluding Remarks-As a matter of fact, the governing elite especially the politicians, do not have any caste most of the times. Instesd they belong to the same ‘Interest Group’. Their interest lies in ruthlessly practicing and mastering a ‘Divide and Rule’ policy vis-à-vis the deprived non-elite masses. Thus they possess the dual identity of being and at the same time, not being the members of a caste. The case for urgent and justifiable entry of the educated and upright persons into the political cauldron, therefore, assumes significance

NINE ELEVEN, A BLACK TUESDAY

It was a Tuesday, a black Tuesday called so rightly by the Americans. On this very day in September, 2001, they got an unfortunate feel of the terror of worst kind, a catastrophic one by all standards. It was something the Indians have been facing, confronting and tolerating for more than two decades, first in Punjab and currently, to utter grief and discomfort in Jammu& Kashmir and parts of North East and central India. The saga of terrorism, judging by its current trends, patterns and mammoth manifestations, it appears, is going to give sleepless nights for quite some time to come.     

2. It may not be out of place to mention that in the recent past, emergence as also unflinching, consistent and regular support to at least three monstrous Frankensteins, namely, Sant Jarnail Singh Bhinderanwale, Pirbhakaran and Osama Bin Laden has played a kind of havoc with the very existence of humanity. They, alongwith their blind but highly motivated, vociferous and extra aggressive supporters, followers and brethren, have been, in a position to sow the seeds of hatred and revenge in several vulnerable parts of the world. In more than one location, healthy sprouting process has been ensured due to deep-rooted indoctrination in what is termed, ’pockets of poverty’. Moves are also afoot to carry out further augmentation, proliferation and strengthening of a sort of religious war (Jehad). Ever rising number of senseless suicide bomb squads may not have any parallel nor will it have any solution in the immediate future.

3. Owing to such anti-humanity developments, the sacrificial goats have been education, culture, a healthy way of life, objectivity and rationality, what to talk of severe loss to the feeling and urge for universal peace, stability and brotherhood. Consequently, what matters is an unsatiable lust for power and authority with ensured support of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and above all, small but lethal arms. Acute drug-addiction among the warring factions in Afghanistan is by now, a well established and known phenomenon.

4. The battle-hardened, ’unemployed’ warriors of Afghanistan first tried to a considerable success, their hand in ‘fertile’ Jammu & Kashmir. Due to sudden turn of events, they had, perhaps, no option but to return to their motherland to defend their Taliban brothers against an Occidental attack led by an extremely powerful & revengeful USA, a nation, herself responsible for perpetuating and perpetrating the cult of shameless and senseless killings in several parts of the world.

5. Their tentacles are growing swiftly and rapidly and sometimes in a manifold fashion, all over.

In their endeavour to combat, not only UN is lending an unconditional assistance but India owing to its vast miseries of the recent past and historical compulsions vis-à-vis Pakistan, has also ensured all support at this crucial juncture. Commitment to check the menace of terrorism at last, appears to have gathered momentum. There, is perhaps, nothing to look back and ponder over.

6. Coming to the live theatre of the ongoing war, the military objective of capturing Kabul and other cities of Afghanistan seems to have been side-lined in favour of finding a ‘suitable’ replacement for the Taliban regime. It is an irony that the populace of the devastated land, instead of having a say in their domestic affairs have to be dependent once again on the whims and fancies of the super powers. These very forces were instrumental in installing the Talibans as also their predecessors responsible for overthrowing monarchy in once ‘liberal’, yet Islamic country.

7. The history has shown that the Afghans have seldom permitted the outsiders to have any hegemony over them. It is, therefore, sad that on account of such an attitude and approach, Afghanistan, instead of catching up with the fast moving universe, has been relegated to the medieval times. There is no institution worth its name, nor is there any urge or desire on the part of the citizens to look forward. All that matters is to target and strike vehemently in the name of ’Jehad’.

8. It would be significant to note that subsequent to almost a month of consistent and forceful attack with most sophisticated arms, weapons and newly developed bomb-lets, the US Defence Secretary is on record to have said that not enough has been achieved and that the US led forces may not be in a position to nab Osama-bin-Laden. Equally disturbing are  the developments relating to killings, allegedly by the Talibans of once expected alternate leaders, such as, Ahmed Shah Masood, Haquani and Abdul Huq. The former king, Zahir Shah may also be out of reckoning sooner than expected in view of recent diplomatic setbacks.

9. In view of above, it may perhaps be pertinent, prudent and appropriate to submit that it is an advantage India situation which she must and has to capitalize at any cost. This is the time when India should decisively display and share its expertise in intelligence gathering and counter-terrorism measures followed by steps with cautious optimism in order to further expose its hostile and unfriendly neighbour. In the ultimate analysis, she should seek to emerge as a force to reckon with.       

             

10. It may not be forgotten and undermined that America’s loss or blow of immediate past may be India’s significant gain ever. We, nevertheless, need to do our home task with a certain degree of caution and care, coupled with a more polished, shrewd and refined diplomacy, especially , during our future deliberations with the emissaries of the super powers and the forthcoming UN  General Assembly  session, wherein main and dominant theme of discussions is likely to be global terrorism.

11. India may have to adopt suitable measures by winning the confidence of some of her traditional and trusted allies in the background of apparent, yet, mischievous machinations of General Pervez Musharraf. He, on the contrary is presently seen to be in a state of terrible dilemma owing to factors, such as, rising pressure from the US and ongoing hostile developments within Pakistan. To compound the matters, ISI, the creator and sustaining force of the Talibans is always found in a state of alertness. 

Ice Breaking or Bonding?

To begin from beginning, the Dictionary states that ice is a brittle transparent crystalline solid. It is water that has frozen and become solid. By implication, it is supposed to be harder than snow. The oft repeated phrase “breaking the ice” should not be taken in the literal sense of the term as it aims at facilitating communication in a primary or extended group situation, such as, a Course. One may, nonetheless, be justified in asking-What kind of ice needs to be broken, freak or solid?. Whether the setting per se was perceived clogged with ice?

Pre-arrival Scenario

All said and done, in the evening of 10^th January,2014,attention of Army, Air Force, Navy and Civilian officers was glued to 6,Tees January Marg. As a matter of relief, chill wind that blew the previous partially clear evening had come to a standstill. Reported minimum temperature was 6 degree Celsius and the morning fog too had turned shallow. While many comprehended the purpose, some were in a guessing spree. Others supposedly arrived with an open mind. A handful did report ahead of time. Same could have been due to compulsions of transport in a vast capital city, a latent desire to impress or also not to invite the attention of any of the SDC’s in the event of delay. Nevertheless, the get-together gathered the required momentum in a matter of about twenty minutes.

Setting That Facilitated

Later half of the evening turned out to be not as cold as anticipated. Initial apprehensions could be genuine in view of semi-open enclosure, otherwise beautifully decorated. Impressive aesthetics combined well with soothing electrical display to create the right ambience. The already existing mini waterfall in a prime location looked like icing on the cake. Gigantic and sparkling heaters ensured a sort of climate controlled environment. Upon exchange of pleasantries, the unstructured introductions began slowly. Possibly everything seemed to be rolling in the right earnest. After all, the active involvement and contribution of the families was stated to be a hallmark of the course, a fact to be taken serious note of by the Civil Servants.

Talks: Past & Present

 Dutiful Mess staff in spotlessly clean white uniforms began service of liquid and carefully cooked starters with a humble smile. They appeared fully geared up for such occasions. The nostalgia of days spent together in a particular tough or convenient station was but obvious amidst the conversations. Side by side, it was enriching to develop familiarity with new settings. The party kicked off further with zeal and enthusiasm. In addition to the service matters, the status-quo of growing and settled off-springs justifiably figured, time and again. The enclosure was soon abuzz with bonhomie and excitement. Bejeweled women in their light make-up but heavy woolens & attractive silk saris added to the charm. All this ensured that there was not a single boring or dull moment.

Attire & Common Names

 Coming to dress, some were consciously suited and booted while some preferred combinations. All, however, looked relaxed. Two foreign friends rightly stole the show with their attractive National dresses. Apart from the easily identifiable headgear of eight to nine Sikh brothers, Nepali caps became crowning glories for many. While six nos. of Sanjays rubbed shoulders with four Sandeeps, a couple of Joshis, Anils and Aloks made sure that they were not ignored. Singhs as a matter of fact, always outnumber others and this congregation was no exception. Ten, yes ten of them were seen displaying their vigour and vitality at the drop of hat.

Flow of Liquid

 Drinking hard or soft or hot, drop by drop, sip by sip with a common goal to refresh and celebrate with a beaming face and inhalation prior to and subsequent to intake of tasty food was on expected lines. No GDE (let’s have a guess) cases whatsoever, were noticed. A few deeply engrossed in sipping Indian Red Wine, post dinner appeared more than elated and overwhelmed, driven by a desire that defied measurement.

Culinary Delights

 One may like to be lovingly reminded of several tongue-twisters served without any time gap. MEETING WITHOUT EATING DOES NOT MAKE SENSE. Of the ‘eats’, Cigar Spring Rolls, Dahi Kababs, Fried Fish and Mutton Kababs were prominent. Whereas, the main course later comprised of Indian and Thai vegetable preparations, Noodles, Fish items, Chicken Curry, Mutton Rogan-Josh and mouth-watering Dahi-Vadas. These were rightly accompanied by a variety of salads, breads, Rotis and Naans (last two served straight from hearth). One couldn’t think of more delicious dessert items than Mini Kesar Jalebis, Rabri and Carrot Halwa. No one minded, therefore, spending 10-15 minutes in a queue. After all it is said “A proof of Pudding is in the eating ”. One should thereby have a decency to appreciate as well as gobble sumptuous food on an occasion expected to let one unwind and vent your feelings to ultimately qualify to share and care.

Outcome

As a particular season does not last forever, the apparent ice prevailing between the selected competent brains too was destined to melt and evaporate. The smiling and receptive faces in the dying moments bore testimony to it. It looked or transpired that the desired objective was accomplished to a large extent. Resultantly, one may hope for more of opening up and frankness as the days progress. All good things come to an end. This superbly organized event was no exception. Be it Raksha Bhavan or Shanker Vihar or the Central Govt. Pool Quarters, majority felt prior to hitting the pillow that stage was now set for a level playing field. Efforts made were expected to bring accelerated warmth in the inter-personal relationships. Merely five days had elapsed, many many months and weeks of togetherness were in store.

Tailpiece  

To sum up, a few suggestions may be worth considering, such as, having light music to fire one’s imagination and arranging chairs around a bon-fire in the interest of individuals having Orthopedic or Spinal complications. Bon-fire at this time of the year could be also a precursor to the festivals of Lohri, Makar Sankranti, Pongal and Bihu. All of them symbolize weakening of the Winter chill on the one hand and the onset of new harvest season on the other. 

Nelson Mandela: The South African Mahatma

Mahatma Gandhi was nominated more than once for the coveted Nobel Peace Prize. He was never conferred with this honour. Some of his followers or the apostles, nevertheless, received the same. Rolihlahla Dalibhunga or Nelson Mandela, who languished and underwent humiliation in a white controlled jail for twenty seven long years was one such public figure of repute.

Although he could achieve his objective of getting his country freed from the clutches of an outright pro-apartheid regime during his life time, he could not enjoy the political power for the reasons of age. A reign of more than five years, perhaps could have legitimately assisted him in actualizing many of his unfulfilled pro-people dreams and aspirations.

 On the contrary, for no fault of his, he had to suffer immensely on personal front. All the tragedies were tolerated with such a dignity that they hardly impacted his largely transparent public life. On being reminded of his sacrifices, he would retort “I am not the only one to do so. Others too have done that”.   Mandela, therefore, deserves to be admired and respected for his vision, tolerance, intellect and integrity.

Several heads of states, public figures, activists, artists and sportspersons would come out with words of praise in his honour now that he has breathed his last in the dying moments of 5^th December 2013 but how many of them actually comprehended the basic tenets of passive resistance he championed, will be anybody’s guess. Our mystical, yet materialistic world has moved like this. It may continue to progress in this manner in the days to come.

 With the advent of Drone, upgraded cell-phones, automobiles, communication devices & automatic weapons, experiments with untruth are flourishing in a mathematical progression. No one even on tasting setbacks appears interested in drawing a line between the need and  greed. Commodification of the humankind, vociferously opposed to by Gandhi, Marx, and Mandela goes on unabated in some form or the other.

Fondly called Madiba by his countrymen, the 95 year old statesman, who began his career as a security guard, effectively anchored a non-violent tirade without having met Mahatma Gandhi even once. In his autobiography ‘Long Walk To Freedom’, he, however, acknowledged as to how the passive resistance movement led by two Gandhian followers against the Asiatic Land Tenure Act in South Africa had influenced him. In addition, choice of India for his first ever foreign visit on being released from the prison had its own weightage and significance. All said and done, South Africa may continue to be relevant for India even in the post-Mandela era.

India, on its part had always given a loud message to the world by voicing its unequivocal opposition to the racial regime in South Africa at fora, such as, UNO,NAM and CHOGM. Same was logically followed by conferring the Bharat Ratna on Mandela. Incidentally, this was only the second time that the highest Indian civilian honour was being bestowed on a foreign dignitary. Earlier another Gandhian, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was chosen for his non-violent initiatives in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan.

Though his credentials as a non-violent crusader cannot and should not be doubted, it is also a fact and not a figment of imagination that after African National Congress was banned in 1960, Mandela became impatient and desperate to the extent that he had to resort to an armed struggle against the State. This would not have found favours in the Gandhian era. The cancellation of Non-cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 in the wake of violence in Chauri Chaura in U.P. is an effective case in point. Another digression, perhaps, was Mandela’s consent to share the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with the last South African President of the notorious apartheid era. How could a reward in recognition of a mass mobilization of the sufferers be shared with the very perpetrators of the crime?.

His deteriorating physical health, presumably owing to bouts of sorrow and solitude in a tiny cell of 5x 6 feet at the Robben Island impelled him to enter the wedlock thrice :1944, 1958 and in 1998.In  between two divorces took place. Having lost three children and a great grand daughter, he is now survived by three daughters, seventeen grandchildren and fourteen great grandchildren. 

While we mourn his irreparable loss, shall we hope and pray that his close associates and followers will continue to sustain the struggle for justice, human rights and a society free from the racial discrimination?.

May South Africa progress at a rapid pace with or without the aegis of BRICS as it has to catch up fast the lost opportunities and decades.

TAKI REMEMBERED

    It is believed, what has elapsed may have gone forever. Not always. Some experiences and encounters do not wither away. They tend to leave a mark in the corner of mind, so much so, that a passing reference or a remote mention may remind. It may evoke fresh thoughts. One may, therefore, not resist the temptation to go down the memory lane.

   To prove my point, a recent feature in ‘India Perspectives’ about the annual immersion of idols of Goddess Durga in the Ichchamati River along the Indo-Bangla border is what I wish to mention. Avid description together with lovely coloured photographs of the event distinctly reminded me of my unforgettable one month stay in April-May, 2009 at Taki as E.C.I. Observer. It is situated at a distance of 95 kms from Kolkata in the North 24 Parganas District (Sundarbans area) of West Bengal.

   One had heard a lot about the co-operation and camaraderie between the people of two countries on the occasion of  this last act of Durga Puja. Seeing the same, however, through the lovely photos was a different ball game. Though the photos showed the river as a beautiful one, in reality it is not so due to its brackish water and same is unfit for drinking, bathing or for breeding of fish. According to local belief, its proximity to sea (Bay of Bengal) led to such adverse effects. It was not a smooth affair either to enjoy a boat ride owing to two factors: a non-demarcated riverine border prompted firings from Bangladesh Rifles every now and then and one would also get trapped in the Charrs. Latter is a phenomenon in which accumulation of sand takes place for a few days in the middle of river due to low tide.

   Whenever I was free from my official charter, I could candidly and confidentally observe the traditions, colours and emotions in the vast village. Its proximity, however, to Bashirhat, the subdivisional headquarter (Dist. H Q being Barasat) did not have noticeable impact on the economic condition or the educational awareness of the villagers. Majority of them were, nevertheless, loyal to the ruling left party. 

  Taki had a number of Zamindar houses. Once a centre of traditional power and influence, they present a different tale now. Most of them being deserted, were looked after, if not maintained by the part-time caretakers or the ever shrewd share-croppers. One of the prominent ones about which one was informed, belonged to Gen. Shanker Roychaudhary, the popular ex-Army Chief.

   Going for long morning walks in the pollution free atmosphere of the village was both a fun and a learning experience. I would be immediately spotted as an outsider whenever I ventured to go. My questions pertaining to the economy and society of the village would be promptly replied to by the villagers who had plenty of time at their disposal. Clear weather at this time of the year would provide excellent photo opportunities of the rising sun and river front . Taking an evening stroll on the embankment of the River Ichchamati by getting a glimpse of the border villages of Bangladesh also would be a pleasant experience. Interacting with Sikh and Jat Jawans of the BSF would add to my knowledge of the border areas, initially acquired during my association with Indo-Pak border affairs while working as a Director in MHA. The Jawans would be too eager to extend an invitation to their BOP’s. Sometimes, I would oblige.

   The easily available ‘Van Rickshaws’ were an integral part of life and times of Taki. These were not to be missed. For commuting within the village, going to nearest town, market, hospital or for accessing remote areas of the Sunderbans, one invariably needed them. Even without a back support, this slow moving means of transport would be both useful and comfortable.

Another characteristic feature was ‘Saundesh’ a very rich, tasty, tempting and popular sweet. A pure milk product of fairly high quality, it was mostly served in bulk (minimum four in a plate) as a desert subsequent to elaborate non-veg. meals. Both Saundesh and ‘Tiffin’ (twice a day) were considered sacrosanct. The area, keeping in view the consumption pattern, too had remarkable pisciculture activities. Novel ways of preventing theft of Prawn and Hilsa at night were noted in hamlet after hamlet.  Despite this the villagers did not look prosperous from any angle.

   Like any other part of rural India, women of the village retained a low status.  Though they would be mostly confined to their small thatched dwelling units, for the purpose of bath they would venture out. Mostly they would slip into one of the several ponds ( some being very dirty) either alone or in group and spend a sizeable time in true ‘Gopi’ style. As if this was not enough, they would next soak their bodies under a road side tap in full public view. This was their unique way of relaxation and exploring pleasure. No one would stare at them. In good old days, it was gathered that even top-less bath not only would take place but same was also not frowned upon.  

   The cultural cum religious gatherings by the Hindus, more so, in the post-dinner period were a regular feature. These impressive congregations would be well attended. Muslims would not lag behind by convening a kind of Tabliq-Jamaat once again after majority of the villagers had gone to sleep. Despite my inclination, I could not witness any of such events. It will be a matter of regret.

   Smuggling of cattle being a rampant activity was always heard of. Irrespective of Police vigil, the smugglers having an all India network will have a last laugh. They would make four-five times more profit by pushing cattle in live or dead form to Bangladesh. Reportedly, from there, these consignments would be dispatched to Saudi Arabia and other parts of Middle East. Mostly this will happen between two and four a.m, upon exchange of code word and signals through torchlight or mobile. The fellows wearing only underwears and being well oiled, will be very swift in their operations. It was also a prerequisite to excel in swimming. Last named ability was a must as this would serve them well in case they were required to jump into river or pond while being fired upon by the BSF or the local Police, subsequent to an interception. No villager ever would divulge any clue about the nefarious activities. Reasons were well understood.

  . The enchanting Geographical setting of the area has attracted authors, artists and film makers every now and then. Amitabh Ghosh, the reputed Bengali and English novelist is reported to have stayed in one of many small islands to write a full length novel which won him accolades all over the world. One should also not forget the film Amanush in which Uttam Kumar, Sharmila Tagore and Utpal Dutt played remarkable leading roles. The songs and the meticulous care taken by the Director went on to depict the nuances of the Sundarbans village life, guided both by the bounties and perils of water.

   A visit to the coastal belt of the South 24 Parganas after finishing my Poll duty was equally memorable. Light blue colour of the Sea and slow walk very close to thick Mangroves were both exciting and unusual. Sighting the Royal Bengal Tiger in a hectic schedule was completely out of question. Same required days of camping. When the video camera failed owing to the battery complications, static photography came to our rescue. It reestablished my faith in time trusted, yet ‘slow’ apparatus.